Python for Mac OS X. Pip tool to simplify installing and managing additional packages. Pip is included with Python 3.4 releases; for earlier releases, follow the pip install instructions. Among the packages available through PyPI are some that are specifically for OS X environments. Pip is a tool for installing and managing Python packages. As well as Python, pip can be install on various operation systems: Linux, Mac, Windows, etc. In this post i am showing how to install pip on MacOS and how to install pip on Linux (Ubuntu and CentOS). Cool Tip: How to install specific version of a package using pip!Read More → Python: Install Pip. Python and OS Compatibility¶. Pip works with CPython versions 2.7, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 and also PyPy. This means pip works on the latest patch version of each of.
This guide discusses how to install packages using pip anda virtual environment manager: either venv for Python 3 or virtualenvfor Python 2. These are the lowest-level tools for managing Pythonpackages and are recommended if higher-level tools do not suit your needs.
Note
This doc uses the term package to refer to aDistribution Package which is different from a ImportPackage that which is used to import modules in your Python source code.
Installing pip¶
pip is the reference Python package manager. It’s used to install andupdate packages. You’ll need to make sure you have the latest version of pipinstalled.
Windows¶
The Python installers for Windows include pip. You should be able to accesspip using:
You can make sure that pip is up-to-date by running:
Linux and macOS¶
Debian and most other distributions include a python-pip package, if youwant to use the Linux distribution-provided versions of pip seeInstalling pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers.
You can also install pip yourself to ensure you have the latest version. It’srecommended to use the system pip to bootstrap a user installation of pip:
Afterwards, you should have the newest pip installed in your user site:
Installing virtualenv¶
Note
If you are using Python 3.3 or newer, the
venv
module isthe preferred way to create and manage virtual environments.venv is included in the Python standard library and requires no additional installation.If you are using venv, you may skip this section.virtualenv is used to manage Python packages for different projects.Using virtualenv allows you to avoid installing Python packages globallywhich could break system tools or other projects. You can install virtualenvusing pip.
On macOS and Linux:
On Windows:
Creating a virtual environment¶
venv (for Python 3) and virtualenv (for Python 2) allowyou to manage separate package installations fordifferent projects. They essentially allow you to create a “virtual” isolatedPython installation and install packages into that virtual installation. Whenyou switch projects, you can simply create a new virtual environment and nothave to worry about breaking the packages installed in the other environments.It is always recommended to use a virtual environment while developing Pythonapplications.
To create a virtual environment, go to your project’s directory and runvenv. If you are using Python 2, replace
venv
with virtualenv
in the below commands.On macOS and Linux:
On Windows:
The second argument is the location to create the virtual environment. Generally, youcan just create this in your project and call it
env
.venv will create a virtual Python installation in the
env
folder.Note
You should exclude your virtual environment directory from your versioncontrol system using
.gitignore
or similar.Activating a virtual environment¶
Before you can start installing or using packages in your virtual environment you’llneed to activate it. Activating a virtual environment will put thevirtual environment-specific
python
and pip
executables into your shell’s PATH
.On macOS and Linux:
On Windows:
You can confirm you’re in the virtual environment by checking the location of yourPython interpreter, it should point to the
env
directory.On macOS and Linux:
On Windows:
As long as your virtual environment is activated pip will install packages into thatspecific environment and you’ll be able to import and use packages in yourPython application.
Leaving the virtual environment¶
If you want to switch projects or otherwise leave your virtual environment, simply run:
If you want to re-enter the virtual environment just follow the same instructions aboveabout activating a virtual environment. There’s no need to re-create the virtual environment.
Installing packages¶
Now that you’re in your virtual environment you can install packages. Let’s install theRequests library from the Python Package Index (PyPI):
pip should download requests and all of its dependencies and install them:
Installing specific versions¶
pip allows you to specify which version of a package to install usingversion specifiers. For example, to installa specific version of
requests
:To install the latest
2.x
release of requests:To install pre-release versions of packages, use the
--pre
flag:Installing extras¶
Some packages have optional extras. You can tell pip to install these byspecifying the extra in brackets:
Installing from source¶
pip can install a package directly from source, for example:
Additionally, pip can install packages from source in development mode,meaning that changes to the source directory will immediately affect theinstalled package without needing to re-install:
Installing from version control systems¶
pip can install packages directly from their version control system. Forexample, you can install directly from a git repository:
For more information on supported version control systems and syntax, see pip’sdocumentation on VCS Support.
Installing from local archives¶
Pip Install Pandas Python 3 Mac
If you have a local copy of a Distribution Package’s archive (a zip,wheel, or tar file) you can install it directly with pip:
If you have a directory containing archives of multiple packages, you can tellpip to look for packages there and not to use thePython Package Index (PyPI) at all:
This is useful if you are installing packages on a system with limitedconnectivity or if you want to strictly control the origin of distributionpackages.
Using other package indexes¶
If you want to download packages from a different index than thePython Package Index (PyPI), you can use the
--index-url
flag:If you want to allow packages from both the Python Package Index (PyPI)and a separate index, you can use the
--extra-index-url
flag instead:Upgrading packages¶
pip can upgrade packages in-place using the
--upgrade
flag. For example, toinstall the latest version of requests
and all of its dependencies:How To Install Pip3 Mac
Using requirements files¶
Instead of installing packages individually, pip allows you to declare alldependencies in a Requirements File. Forexample you could create a
requirements.txt
file containing:And tell pip to install all of the packages in this file using the
-r
flag:Freezing dependencies¶
Pip can export a list of all installed packages and their versions using the
freeze
command:Which will output a list of package specifiers such as:
This is useful for creating Requirements Files that can re-createthe exact versions of all packages installed in an environment.
First, follow the installation instructions for Chocolatey.It’s a community system packager manager for Windows 7+. (It’s very much like Homebrew on OS X.)
Once done, installing Python 3 is very simple, because Chocolatey pushes Python 3 as the default.
Once you’ve run this command, you should be able to launch Python directly from to the console.(Chocolatey is fantastic and automatically adds Python to your path.)
Setuptools + Pip¶
The two most crucial third-party Python packages are setuptools and pip,which let you download, install and uninstall any compliant Python softwareproduct with a single command. It also enables you to add this network installationcapability to your own Python software with very little work.
All supported versions of Python 3 include pip, so just make sure it’s up to date:
Pipenv & Virtual Environments¶
The next step is to install Pipenv, so you can install dependencies and manage virtual environments.
A Virtual Environment is a tool to keep the dependencies required by different projectsin separate places, by creating virtual Python environments for them. It solves the“Project X depends on version 1.x but, Project Y needs 4.x” dilemma, and keepsyour global site-packages directory clean and manageable.
For example, you can work on a project which requires Django 2.0 while alsomaintaining a project which requires Django 1.8.
So, onward! To the Pipenv & Virtual Environments docs!
This page is a remixed version of another guide,which is available under the same license.